解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Microglia are CNS resident immune cells and a rich source of neuroactive mediators, but their contribution to physiological brain processes such as synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory is not fully understood. In this study, we used mice with partial depletion of IκB kinase β, the main activating kinase in the in...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22756
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Neonatal white matter injury (NWMI) is the leading cause of cerebral palsy and other neurocognitive deficits in prematurely-born children, and no restorative therapies exist. Our objective was to determine the fate and effect of glial restricted precursor cell (GRP) transplantation in an ischemic mouse model ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22764
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes releasing glucose- and/or glycogen-derived lactate and glutamine play a crucial role in shaping neuronal function and plasticity. Little is known, however, how metabolic functions of astrocytes, e.g., their ability to degrade glucosyl units, are affected by the presence of neurons. To address this issue we ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22753
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury to the preterm brain has a particular predilection for cerebral white matter. White matter injury (WMI) is the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and a major cause of chronic neurological morbidity including cerebral palsy. Factors that predispose to WMI include cerebral oxygenation disturbanc...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22658
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, the human brain has been conceptually segregated from the periphery and further dichotomized into gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) based on the whitish appearance of the exceptionally high lipid content of the myelin sheaths encasing neuronal axons. These simplistic dichotomies were unfortunately e...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22716
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22707
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our knowledge of multiple sclerosis (MS) neuropathology has benefited from a number of studies that provided an in-depth description of plaques and, more recently, diffuse alterations of the normal-appearing white or grey matter. However, there have been few studies focusing on the periplaque regions surrounding demye...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22705
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::NG2 cells (polydendrocytes) are the fourth major non-neuronal cell type in the central nervous system parenchyma. They exhibit diverse properties, ranging from their well-established role as oligodendrocyte precursors to their ability to respond to neurotransmitters released by synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms. Th...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22664
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms that control microglial activation are of interest, since neuroinflammation, which involves reactive microglia, may be an additional target in the search for therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Neuron-microglia interaction through contact-dependent or independent mechanisms is in...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22656
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS, are derived postnatally from oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, the mechanisms that regulate their generation from SVZ neural stem cells (NSC) are poorly understood. Here, we have examined the role of glycogen synthase kinase ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22641
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurogenesis persists in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain. During aging, the SVZ neurogenic capacity undergoes a progressive decline, which is attributed to a decrease in the population of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the behavior of the NSCs that remain in the aged brain is not fully u...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22642
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytic glycogen, the only storage form of glucose in the brain, has been shown to play a fundamental role in supporting learning and memory, an effect achieved by providing metabolic support for neurons. We have examined the interplay between glycogenolysis and the bioenergetics of astrocytic Ca(2+) homeostasis, b...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22623
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) is essential for many cellular processes including proliferation and migration, as well as differentiation events such as myelination. Anosmin-1 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22609
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 have pleiotropic effects in neurodegenerative disorders. For example, while TNFR1 mediates neurodegenerative effects in multiple sclerosis, TNFR2 is protective and contributes to remyelination. The exact mode of TNFR2 action, however, is poorly understood. ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22605
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cerebral edema, a life-threatening medical complication, contributes to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and a poor clinical prognosis after TBI. Unfortunately, treatment options to reduce post-traumatic edema remain suboptimal, du...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22581
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive extracellular glutamate leads to neuronal death in central nervous system. Excitatory glutamate transporter subtype 2 (GLT-1) carries bulk of glutamate reuptake in cerebral ischemia. Although GLT-1 expression fluctuates during the period of ischemia, little is known about its regulatory mechanism. Here we sh...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22566
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate from restricted regions of the brain and migrate into the developing white matter, where they differentiate into oligodendrocytes and myelinate axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The molecular mechanisms that orchestrate these long distance trips of OPCs to popu...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22578
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulative evidence indicates that microglial cells influence the normal development of central nervous system (CNS) synapses. Yet, the functional properties of microglia in relation with synapse development remain unclear. We recently showed that in layer 4 of the whisker-related barrel field of the mouse somatosen...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22503
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, which are important therapeutic targets for regulating the inflammatory responses particularly neurodegeneration in the aging human brain. The activation, chemotaxis and migration of microglia are regulated through G-protein coupled receptors by chemokines such as ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22543
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms involved in oligodendroglial cell death in human demyelinating diseases are only partly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the BH3 only protein Puma, but not Noxa, is essential for oligodendroglial cell death in toxic demyelination induced by the copper chelator cuprizone. Primary oligodendrocytes de...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22552
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) have been described as gasotransmitters. Anti-inflammatory activity in the central and peripheral nervous systems may be one of their functions. Previously we demonstrated that several SH(-) donors including H2 S-releasing aspirin (S-ASA) exhibited anti-inflammatory and ne...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22553
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional regulation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene (GFAP) is of interest because of its astrocyte specificity and its upregulation in response to CNS injuries. We have used a transgenic approach instead of cell transfection to identify promoter elements of the human GFAP gene, since previous observ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22536
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia survey the brain environment by sensing several types of diffusible molecules, among which extracellular nucleotides released/leaked from damaged cells have central roles. Microglia sense ATP or other nucleotides by multiple P2 receptors, after which they change into several different phenotypes. However, so...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22517
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggests that soluble amyloid β (Aβ) is an initiator of a cascade of events eventually leading to neurodegeneration. Recently, we reported that Aβ deranged Ca(2+) homeostasis specifically in hippocampal astrocytes by targeting key elements of Ca(2+) signaling, such as...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22502
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are the predominant resident immune cells of the brain and can assume a range of phenotypes. They are critical for normal brain development and function but can also contribute to many disease processes. Although they are widely studied, the transcriptional control of microglial phenotype and activation requ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22486
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with age. We previously found that a single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection caused a slow progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+IR) neurons in SN associated ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22479
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage can adopt several phenotypes, process call polarization, which is crucial for shaping inflammatory responses to injury. It is not known if microglia, a resident brain macrophage population, polarizes in a similar way, and whether specific microglial phenotypes modulate cell death in response to brain injury...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22478
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is the most important event for the myelination of central nervous system (CNS) axons during development and remyelination in demyelinating diseases, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is a ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22469
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of the cell death following episodes of anoxia and ischemia in the mammalian central nervous system has been attributed to extracellular accumulation of glutamate and ATP, which causes a rise in [Ca(2+)](i), loss of mitochondrial potential, and cell death. However, restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation are ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22441
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterosynaptic long-term depression (hLTD) at untetanized synapses accompanying the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) spatially sharpens the activity-induced synaptic potentiation; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We found that hLTD in the hippocampal CA1 region is caused by stimulation-induc...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22425
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of microglia has been reported for a variety of CNS diseases and is believed to be involved in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Loss of TGFβ1 results in ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22435
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) are devastating brain tumors containing a fraction of multipotent stem-like cells which are highly tumorigenic. These cells are resistant to treatments and are likely to be responsible for tumor recurrence. One approach to eliminate GBM stem-like cells would be to force their terminal diff...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22429
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia are sensitive to environmental changes and are immediately transformed into several phenotypes. For such dynamic "modal shifts", purinergic receptors have central roles. When microglia sense ATP/ADP leaked from injured cells by P2Y(12) receptors, they are transformed into a moving phenotype, showing process ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22358
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has become evident recently only that microglia are not only responsible for immunomodulatory functions in the brain but represent vital components of the larger synaptic formation, which also includes pre and postsynaptic neurones as well as astrocytes. Microglia critically contribute to CNS homeostasis by their a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22372
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroinflammation perpetuates neuronal damage in many neurological disorders. Activation of resident microglia and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages contributes to neuronal injury and synaptic damage. Noninvasive imaging of these cells in vivo provides a means to monitor progression of disease as well as assess ef...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22357
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic AMP suppresses immune cell activation and inflammation. The positive feedback loop of proinflammatory cytokine production and immune activation implies that cytokines may not only be regulated by cyclic AMP but also conversely regulate cyclic AMP. This study examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22401
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Ascl1 plays crucial roles in both oligodendrocyte development and neuronal development; however, the molecular target of Ascl1 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) remains elusive. To identify the downstream targets of Ascl1 in OPCs, we performed gene expres...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22369
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendroglial cells undergo rapid transcriptional and dynamic morphological transformation in order to effectively myelinate neuronal axons. Olig1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, functions to promote the transcription of myelin-specific genes and promotes differentiation and (re)myelination. While t...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22364
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pax-3 is a paired domain transcription factor that plays many roles during vertebrate development. In the Schwann cell lineage, Pax-3 is expressed at an early stage in Schwann cells precursors of the embryonic nerve, is maintained in the nonmyelinating cells of the adult nerve, and is upregulated in Schwann cells afte...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22346
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytic lineage commitment and brain region-dependent specialization of glia are partly ascribed to epigenetic processes. Clearance of glutamate is an essential task, which astrocytes assume in a temporal-spatial fashion by distinct glutamate transporter expression. Glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) is predom...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22353
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00